What is a defining characteristic of divided government?

A defining characteristic of divided government is when one party holds the presidency while a different party has a majority in Congress. This situation often leads to a scenario where there is a check on power, as both chambers of Congress and the executive branch are controlled by different parties. This division can result in heightened negotiations and compromises, as legislation requires collaboration between the different party factions to pass laws.

In contrast, when one party controls all branches of government, it is referred to as a unified government and does not exemplify the concept of divided government. Party loyalty being unwavering across elections typically reflects a stable political environment and is not specific to any division of power. Lastly, the dominance of the same party in both state and federal elections suggests a political climate where one party has strong control and does not reflect the division that characterizes a divided government scenario.